Mechanisms of action of cytoplasmic microRNAs. Part 5. MicroRNA-mediated silencing caused during translation initiation and post-initiation

The scientific review considers the mechanisms of action cytoplasmic microRNAs, namely miRNA-mediated silencing, which is caused during initiation and post-initiation period translation. To write article, information was searched using Scopus, Web Science, MedLine, PubMed, Google Scholar, EMBASE, Global Health, Cochrane Library, CyberLeninka databases. It known that silencing translation occurs due to Argonaute proteins, compete with cap-binding proteins eukaryotic factor eIF4E interaction 5’cap structure mRNA. In cap-dependent translation, recognizes promotes recruitment other factors, in particular eIF4G, assemble complex. Also, eIF4G interacts some PABP leads formation a closed loop mRNA, determining ribosome. stated microRNAs can: 1) terminate preventing attachment or promoting dissociation ribosome subunits; 2) induce mRNA degradation elongation 3) activate protein sequestration. authors state can directly indirectly inhibit functioning ribosomes, disrupting competent 80S ribosome, subunits its promotion along subunits. AGO2 plays leading role development by disruption association ribosomal showed miRNA-mRNA-target complex migrates lighter polysomes than not associated miRNA. miRISC ribosomes recruit proteolytic enzymes degrade nascent polypeptide chain. Thus, be induced periods